Cusco (3,399 m / 11,151 ft), "Archaeological Capital of America" and a UNESCO World Heritage center, was the capital of the Inca Empire “Tahuantisuyo”, which encompassed part of present Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chile and Argentina.
Cusco, meaning "navel of the earth," was laid out in the form of a puma. The belly of the puma was the main plaza, the river Tullumayo formed its spine, and the hill of Sacsayhuaman its head.
When the Spaniards conquered Cusco in the 16th century, they preserved the basic structure but built Baroque churches and palaces over the ruins of the Inca capital. Today, Cusco offers archaeological sites, colonial charm and up to date facilities for the visitor.
"The "Parque Arqueológico de Sacsayhuamán", located near Cusco, embraces 3,000 hectares (7,413 acres) approximately, with a rich Andean flora and abundant fauna, including llamas, alpacas, kestrels and hawks. It also comprises the extraordinary archaeological Inca monuments of Sacsayhuaman, Qenqo, Puca Pucara and Tambomachay."
A bus takes you to the Sacsayhuaman, Qenqo, Puca Pucara and Tambomachay, and optionally to Coricancha.